|
Kirkham (originally Kirkam-in-Amounderness) is a small town and civil parish in the Borough of Fylde in Lancashire, England, midway between Blackpool and Preston (11 miles west of Preston) and adjacent to the smaller town of Wesham. It owes its existence to Carr Hill upon which it was built and which was the location of a Roman fort.〔("Kirkham: Historic Town Assessment Report" ), Lancashire County Council and Egerton Lea Consultancy, June 2006.〕 It has a population of 7,127,〔(Office for National Statistics : ''Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Fylde'' ) Retrieved 8 February 2010〕 increasing to 7,194 at the Census 2011.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Town population 2011 )〕 ==History== In his 1878 ''History of the Fylde of Lancashire'', John Porter described Kirkham as ".. probably the earliest inhabited locality in the Fylde district."〔Porter, J. MRCS, LSA (1878) (''History of the Fylde of Lancashire'' ), Fleetwood and Blackpool, W. Porter and Sons Publisher, Chapter XII - The Parish of Kirkham.〕 Remains found at Carleton in the 1970s of an elk with two harpoons embedded suggest that the Fylde was inhabited as long ago as 8,000 BC.〔Singleton, F.J. (1980), ''Kirkham – A Short History'', Kirkham & District Local History Society.〕 The town is pre-Roman in its origin with a name originating from the Danish ''kirk'' (church) and ''-ham'' (Saxon for settlement, or "home"). It appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 under the name of ''Chicheham'' and is described as lying on the Roman road between Ribchester (Bremetennacum) and the River Wyre. The town's market charter was granted in 1269–70 by King Henry III.〔Tupling, G.H. "Markets in Medieval Lancashire", (''Historical Essays in Honour of James Tait'' ), Manchester University Press, p.351.〕 In the 15th and 16th centuries Kirkham remained a small market town. But from the late 17th century the town grew into a thriving textile centre. From 1830 sailcloth was being woven in cottages in the town and later at the Flax Mill, built in 1861 by John Birley. In 1792 a Roman brass shield boss was discovered by local schoolmaster John Willacy, in the Dow Brook, in Mill Hill Field. Willacy sold the shield to a Scotsman but it found its way to the Charles Townley collection in Burnley and from there to the British Museum. The oval shield, about in diameter, bore the representation of a human figure, seated, with an eagle to the left and an athlete at the side.〔〔 In 1887 a memorial was erected, at Town End, to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria. The memorial was later moved to a site adjacent to the United Reformed Church. Looms ran in the town from about 1850 until 2003. At one time the town had eleven mills, the last to be built being Progress Mill in 1915. On the lower part of Station Road "The Last Loom" of Kirkham is on permanent display. This loom, a crossrod type from the 1920s, with the use of tappets at the side, could produce an extensive range of fabrics including velvets, twills and Bedford cord. In 1925 Church Street became the subject of a pencil on paper drawing by Salford artist L. S. Lowry〔(Church Street, Kirkham, 1925 at ls-lowry.com )〕 In his later "A Lancashire Village, 1935" he painted the scene again, but with a wider street full of people and a house in front of the church.〔("A Lancashire Village, 1935" at thelowry.com )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kirkham, Lancashire」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|
